Liked on YouTube: What Will Our Universe Look Like In 100 Billion Years?

What Will Our Universe Look Like In 100 Billion Years?
What will our universe look like in 100 billion years? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subscribe for more videos:https://www.youtube.com/c/InsaneCuriosity?sub_confirmation=1? Business Enquiries: lorenzovareseaziendale@gmail.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Humans are always worried about the future, what will happen in a month, a year or even in 10 years. Science fiction writers might think ahead a few centuries or even millennia. These may seem like large amounts of time for us, but on a cosmic timescale this is nothing. The time scales that matter for the cosmos are mostly around the range of a million years and go up to the billions. For example, it takes a few million years to make a star, the earth is 4.5 billion years old and when the sun will eventually die it will be 10 billion years old. The universe itself has an age of 13.8 billion years. It is good to think about that for a second because when astronomers talk about things that happen ‘soon’ and ‘fast’, they mean in this timescale. For example, the star Betelgeuse is a red giant at the end of its life. According to astronomers it can blow any second now and produce a brilliantly bright super nova boom. This sounds exciting and you may even be tempted to check outside if it has gone off yet, but what the astronomers mean by ‘any second’ is between now and 2000 years. This is indeed, but a cosmic instant. The plus side of everything evolving at such a slow pace is that we have a lot of time to study it, and with that it became possible for astronomers to model the eventual fate of the universe. So let us explore what will happen to our solar system, the milky way and the rest of the universe over the next 100 billion years. First off, let us start in the ‘near’ future around 5 billion years from now. This will be around the time that the Sun runs out of fuel and becomes a Red Giant. If humanity is still alive by then, we better hope that they found a way to get off planet, because this is the end for the Earth. The Sun will expand its radius by over 200 times, engulfing Earth and putting its edge around half way the distance to Mars. This will not be the worst of our problems however, as at this same time the Andromeda Galaxy will start colliding with ours. This will be an unimaginably large event, as an estimated 1.2 trillion stars will take part in this process. Oddly enough, hardly any of them will collide due to the large amount of empty space between stars in galaxies. This does not mean that we are safe though, as a close pass can still introduce crazy gravitational effects on the solar systems planets and the whole solar system itself. Planets can be catapulted away into interstellar space, or be nudged into a decaying orbit where they get closer and closer to the sun and eventually burn up. The Sun itself can be shot out of the merging galaxies and be left to fend for itself, or end up in the chaotic center of this new galaxy. The latter would be much worse for us than the former, as the intense radiation from all the nearby stars in the galaxies core would completely cook and sterilize any life. Even in science fiction books, this is where it usually ends for humanity. Regardless of whether we survive or not, the universe will carry on doing its thing. The Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxies will slowly settle and become a new super galaxy. (Maybe add some animations?) This new Galaxy will be able to live for many billions of years, using up the gas and dust that was inside to form new stars. It will be able to go on for billions of years to come. The merger of two galaxies is relatively rare. To allow for such an occurrence then mutual gravitational attraction has to beat the Hubble expansion. This expansion was first measured by Edwin Hubble in the 1920’s, who deduced that everything inside the universe is moving away from everything else at a set rate that is dictated by the Hubble constant. Imagine the universe like a balloon, with everything being located on the surface of this balloon. If we start blowing up the balloon, every point on the surface will start to move away from every other point. Because space itself is expanding. Our universe does that same, but in 3D instead of 2D, so more like raisins in a loaf of bread. (Add an animation of this, there are a bunch online) Using Hubble’s law we can easily see that the fate of the universe is one where it expands on forever, eventually freezing everything. However, Hubble had made one mistake in his observations, his constant was not a constant. It varied over time. The rate at which this constant varies has to do with another famous scientist, Albert Einstein. Unlike Hubble... #InsaneCuriosity
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